culture history literature politics social issues

The cancer returns: Rizal’s warning, floodgate reckoning

MANILA, Philippines – In the twilight of the 19th century, José Rizal penned “Noli Me Tangere” and “El Filibusterismo,” novels that exposed the moral decay and institutional corruption of the Spanish colonial rule. His words were razor-sharp, dissecting the cancer that infected Philippine society—greed, abuse of power and the betrayal of the Filipino spirit. His